10hp is nominally 7.4kw. Roughly 308a at 24v. That's an awful lot of current, and line losses will be significant at that power level. That's if you can find a motor and controller combination that will work at 24v. I urge you to not even consider less than 48v. Very likely you will want a reduction gear of some sort. A 10kw ME0913 at 72v with a 500a controller and a Baldor 2:1 enclosed gearbox would do the trick. You should develop your desired power level from such a setup.
You do understand that batteries will be a huge factor in range and in conversion costs, right? Not to mention weight. Maybe with a big enough 48v alternator on your engine you can get by with a reasonably small battery bank and running the engine to turn the electric motor at low speed and extend your range. 100 amps at 48v is nearly 5kw, about 6hp if you have an efficient setup.
IMHO, you need to completely forget about 24 volts.
You can't power the prop from your engine?
Another option would be to use electric for both land and water propulsion, either standalone with the addition of a small diesel generator and charging from home/shore power, or a series hybrid setup where the engine and electric motor are both coupled to the drive shaft. When running on the engine, the motor can generate power and charge the batteries. When running on the motor, the engine is decoupled by taking its transmission out of gear. The motor could also be used as the engine starter.
I have a feeling that this will be a complicated project. Maybe it would be good to first build a small electric boat and get some hands on with electric propulsion on a simpler platform And Lower Power level first.
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