A BMS that's suitable for a 16 cell, LiFePO4 prismatic pack, such as might be found aboard a sailboat -- such as the Orion Jr. or the Dilithium BMSC from Thunderstruck -- would provide for measuring and reporting individual cell voltages; balancing the cell voltages within the pack; and also often the ability to measure cell or pack temperature. The Orion Jr even implements charger control in a single unit, while the Dilithium units from Thunderstruck separate the two functions -- BMS & charge control -- into two different units, but enables using two different modes of communication between the two devices, including CAN.
in contrast, the typical "BMS" that's embedded in 48v battery packs used for electric bicycles, for instance, provides only for the overcharge protection to shut off charging when voltage reaches the safe operating limit, and low voltage protection to shut off discharging to load when voltage drops to the safe operating level for that battery pack.
In the case of battery protection circuits, it's possible for individual cells to get out of balance relative to one another, such that one cell will reach full charge voltage before the others in a pack. The protection circuit cuts off charging due to the high cell voltage cut-off, and the remaining cells will be less than fully charged.
Many of the ElectricBoat members are familiar with everything I've just mentioned, but it may be useful to repeat the information as new members come aboard.
Fair Winds to all!
[-tv]
Tom VanderMeulen
"Grace O'Malley"
Cape Dory 27
Monroe, Michi.
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