Mich,
(1.) Candidly, my understanding of the regen topic is entirely practical and lacks a solid theoretical basis, so I'm not able to answer your first question (re: induction motors).
(2.) Similarly, I'm not confident of an answer to your second line of inquiry concerning adding in solar to the mix of inputs, The engineers reading this will be able to affirm or correct my thought on this, but assuming the currents you're referring to are at the same voltage, then, yet, I believe they would simply add together. If your solar is at 12 volts, to be stepped up, and regen is at 48 volts, the the arithmetic is different.
(3.) Finally, lacking a thorough theoretical grounding, my answer to your last question concerning the equivalency of currents in or out given a particular RPM is more of logical surmise that a statement of fact. However, I would NOT expect the current generated at 500 RPM to be approximately equivalent to the current needed to turn the prop at 500 rpm. [We're talking prop shaft rotation, presumably.] I would expect the current generated at 500 rpm to be significantly less than the current needed to turn the prop at 500 rpm. [Maybe another reader has the authoritative data on this question.]
PROPELLER AS TURBINE? - Another point to make in this discussion concerns the effectiveness of a marine propeller when acting as a turbine. One author I read stated flatly that marine propellers fail as turbines due to their design and blade orientation. It makes sense to me that they would be far less effective at being driven by water passing over them than they are at driving through the water. Certainly, our propellers are drive us better forward than they do in reverse. That same source observed that to make your propeller effective as a turbine, you'd have to be able to reverse pitch by 180 degrees. Indeed, the Finnish electric propulsion company, OceanVolt, has developed and patented a pitch reversing propeller for their saildrive units that they claim is twice as effective at generating power while free-wheeling under sail.
Nevertheless, some people continue to report being able to generate some amount of power via free-wheeling.of their traditional sailboat prop. And if it's practical to make your prop "invisible" with net zero output and the potential for a few extra watts incoming -- with no extra investment or equipment -- then it seems like a no-brainer to me.
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